Food & Cuisine
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Harvested as bark from a tree native to Sri Lanka, true varieties of this spice are called 'Ceylon.'
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This resin from a small Mediterranean tree is chewed like gum and used to flavor Greek pastries and ice cream.
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This medium-heat Mexican chili pepper is smoked and dried to become a chipotle.
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This Caribbean and Latin American herb has a flavor like strong coriander and is also called 'long coriander.'
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This ground cherry-pit spice gives Middle Eastern and Greek pastries a subtly bitter, almond-like aroma.
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This intensely bitter South American wood flavors aperitifs and traditional tonics.
QUASSIAAlso called kalonji or black onion seed, this South Asian spice tops naan bread.
NIGELLAThis fiery Japanese rhizome, usually served with sushi, is called 'Japanese horseradish.'
WASABIThe mildest member of the onion family, these thin green stalks are often snipped over baked potatoes.
CHIVESCrushed cloves of this pungent bulb form the base of countless cuisines worldwide.
GARLICThis tangy Persian spice, made from a hogweed plant's dried seeds, flavors bean and herb stews.
GOLPARThis European herb's blue star-shaped flowers taste faintly of cucumber and once garnished summer drinks.
BORAGENative to South Asia, this aromatic leaf is fried in oil at the start of many Indian dishes, not eaten whole from a jar.
CURRYLEAFThis Northern European seed, common in rye bread and sauerkraut, has a flavor similar to anise and fennel.
CARAWAYThis grayish-green Mediterranean herb is central to Thanksgiving stuffing in the United States.
SAGEHarvested from the pods of a climbing orchid, this is one of the most labor-intensive spices to produce.
VANILLADespite its name suggesting a blend, this Caribbean berry actually tastes like a natural mix of cinnamon, clove, and nutmeg.
ALLSPICEThis Eastern US plant, source of a classic candy flavor, is nicknamed after a small container.
BOXBERRYKnown in Hindi by a much shorter name, this pungent plant resin is a classic substitute for garlic and onion in Indian cooking.
HINGThis South American bean has a vanilla-like aroma and was once used to flavor pipe tobacco and perfume.
TONKAThis tart, dried red berry from Asia and the Mediterranean is often sprinkled over Persian rice dishes.
BARBERRYA sweeter, milder cousin of oregano, this Mediterranean herb is common in Middle Eastern and French cooking.
MARJORAMThis South American shrub's citrus-scented leaves flavor herbal teas and are often paired with the word 'lemon.'
VERBENAThis bitter European herb is famously the key flavoring in absinthe.
WORMWOODThis knobby rhizome adds heat to Asian stir-fries and is candied for a sweet snack.
GINGERThis tangy, deep-red Middle Eastern spice made from dried berries is sprinkled over hummus and salads.
SUMACMade from ground, dried sweet or hot peppers, this Hungarian spice gives goulash its deep red color.
PAPRIKAGround from an iris rhizome, this Mediterranean spice has a violet-like scent once used in perfumes and gin.
ORRISThis mild, anise-flavored French herb is a key ingredient in the classic 'fines herbes' blend.
CHERVILThis pungent Mexican herb is traditionally cooked with black beans to reduce their gassiness.
EPAZOTEThis European shrub's fragrant white blossoms flavor a popular cordial, and its dark berries are made into wine.
ELDERMade from ground sassafras leaves, this Louisiana powder thickens and flavors gumbo.
FILEA turmeric relative from Southeast Asia, this bitter rhizome is used in traditional medicine and some curries.
ZEDOARYThis Southeast Asian rhizome, a relative of ginger, is essential to Thai and Indonesian curry pastes.
GALANGALThis European herb's cucumber-flavored leaves once garnished cold soups and Pimm's cocktails: salad '_ _ _ _ _ _.'
BURNETThe dried seed of the same plant that gives us cilantro leaves has a completely different, citrusy flavor.
CORIANDERThis Mediterranean seed has a licorice flavor and gives Italian biscotti and Greek ouzo their character.
ANISEThis tangy, succulent weed with small yellow flowers is eaten as a salad green in many cuisines.
PURSLANEThis purple-flowered Mediterranean plant is used in both baking and perfumery for its floral aroma.
LAVENDERThis dried Indian fruit rind gives a tart, smoky sourness to Goan fish curries.
KOKUMWith dozens of species worldwide, this cooling herb family includes both peppery and spear-leaved varieties.
MINTThis warm, earthy seed spice is essential to chili con carne and much of Middle Eastern cooking.
CUMINMentioned in the Bible, this Mediterranean herb has a minty, slightly bitter flavor used in liqueurs.
HYSSOPThis bright green garnish comes in curly and flat-leaf varieties, the latter prized for stronger flavor.
PARSLEYThis Mediterranean root's sweet flavor is used in candy, and in Europe it appears in dark chewy sweets.
LICORICEAlso called Chinese ginger or lesser galangal, this Southeast Asian rhizome has a sharp, citrusy bite.
KRACHAIGround black, white, or green, this berry from an Indonesian vine is the world's most traded spice.
PEPPERThis North American tree's root bark gives old-fashioned root beer its distinctive flavor.
SASSAFRASThis feathery-leaved wildflower has a peppery taste and was historically used to flavor beer before hops.
YARROWShaped like a small nail, this Indonesian spice is actually a dried, unopened flower bud.
CLOVEThis sweet, aromatic leafy herb is a staple of Italian cooking and the base of classic pesto.
BASILThis tangy, lemon-flavored leafy green is used in French soups and sometimes called 'spinach dock.'
SORRELThis fragrant Southeast Asian leaf gives rice and desserts a vanilla-like, grassy aroma and a green color.
PANDANThis feathery Northern European herb flavors pickles and pairs classically with salmon.
DILLThe fragrant leaves of this citrus tree, formerly called kaffir lime, flavor Thai and Indonesian curries.
MAKRUTThese small blue-black berries from a coniferous shrub give gin its distinctive piney flavor.
JUNIPERAlso called wild marjoram, this pungent Mediterranean herb is essential to pizza and Greek salad.
OREGANOCalled 'herb-of-grace' in old English tradition, this bitter Mediterranean herb is used sparingly today.
RUEThis East Asian root produces a natural red dye and is also called red stoneroot.
ZICAOThis Mediterranean needle-leaved herb pairs classically with roasted lamb and potatoes.
ROSEMARYAlso known by a short West African name, grains of Selim are a smoky, peppery seed pod: kani pepper or '_ _ _.'
UDAThis tiny-leaved Mediterranean herb is a key ingredient in French bouquet garni.
THYMECalled the 'queen of spices,' this expensive Indian pod flavors chai tea and Scandinavian pastries.
CARDAMOMCalled estragon in French, this anise-like herb is essential to bearnaise sauce.
TARRAGONThis numbing Chinese spice isn't a true pepper at all, but the husk of a small citrus-family fruit.
SZECHUANAlso called the root beer plant, this large-leafed Mexican herb has a sassafras-like flavor.
HOJASANTARoasted for a coffee-like aroma, this Australian seed spice comes from native acacia trees: '_ _ _ _ _ _seed.'
WATTLEGrown in China and shaped like an eight-pointed pod, this spice has a second, less common one-word name.
BADIANKnown as coriander leaf in most of the world, Americans call this pungent herb by its Spanish name.
CILANTROGround from tiny round seeds, this pungent spice comes in black, brown, and yellow varieties and gives condiments their kick.
MUSTARDThis lemon-scented European herb is often brewed as a calming tea.
LEMONBALMThis golden South Asian rhizome gives curry powder its color and is now popular in lattes.
TURMERICSometimes called 'poor man's saffron,' this dried flower petal is used mainly for its yellow coloring, not flavor.
SAFFLOWERThis cheaper, stronger Chinese relative of true cinnamon is what most supermarket cinnamon actually is.
CASSIAHarvested by hand from a crocus flower's stigmas, this is the world's most expensive spice by weight.
SAFFRONThis Southeast Asian stalk pairs 'lemon' with a common lawn plant's name: Lemon '_ _ _ _ _,' used whole in Thai tom yum soup.
GRASSThis aromatic Himalayan root was used in ancient perfumes and is mentioned in ancient religious texts as a costly oil.
SPIKENARDHarvested from the same tropical seed as nutmeg, this spice is actually the lacy red covering around it.
MACEThis Mediterranean leaf, used whole in stews and pulled out before serving, comes from the laurel tree.
BAYAlso called carom or bishop's weed, this South Asian seed has a flavor reminiscent of thyme.
AJWAINThis vegetable's seeds, not just its crunchy stalks, are dried and used whole as a savory flavoring.
CELERYRelated to chocolate as a substitute, this Mediterranean tree's dried pods have a naturally sweet flavor.
CAROBThis pungent root related to mustard is named for a farm animal: 'Horse _ _ _ _ _ _.'
RADISHThis West African seed spice, also called djansang, thickens and flavors soups in Central African cuisine.
NJANGSAAlso known by a scientific-sounding common name, grains of paradise are a peppery West African seed spice.
MELEGUETAThese tiny blue-black seeds top bagels and give traditional Central European pastries their crunch.
POPPYSEEDSacred in Hindu tradition, this Indian variety of basil is also called holy basil.
TULSIThis European herb tastes like strong celery and is sometimes called 'the Maggi plant' for its soup-like aroma.
LOVAGEThe flowers of this climbing vine give beer its bitter, floral flavor.
HOPSThis Middle Eastern spice blend of sumac, thyme, and sesame is also the name of the wild herb within it.
ZATAARCommon in Korean and Japanese cooking, this East Asian leaf is related to mint and comes in green and purple forms.
PERILLAGround from the seeds of a tropical American shrub, this spice gives cheese and butter their natural orange tint.
ANNATTOThis South Asian herb, known as methi, has slightly bitter leaves used fresh in Indian curries.
FENUGREEKThese pickled flower buds from a Mediterranean shrub add a briny, tangy punch to pasta puttanesca.
CAPERSToasted and sprinkled on sushi rolls, this tiny oil-rich seed comes in black and white varieties.
SESAMEThis hot chili pepper is named after a coastal city in French Guiana.
CAYENNEThis Mediterranean plant's licorice-flavored leaves and seeds both season food, and its bulb is a crunchy vegetable.
FENNELThis Northern European plant's candied stems, sold under a name shared with a heavenly being, once decorated fancy cakes.
ANGELICAComing in summer and winter varieties, this peppery Mediterranean herb resembles thyme in use.
SAVORYThis Indonesian seed is grated fresh over eggnog and Italian pasta dishes alike.
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