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Astronomy credits this Egyptian scientist, who edited a classic astronomical text and built instruments for tracking the stars.
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This Scottish stargazer is remembered for having measured the distance to Alpha Centauri, one of our nearest stellar neighbors.
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This American astronomer measured how fast distant galaxies are racing away from us.
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American space scientist James Van _ _ _ _ _ discovered the belts of radiation that circle high above Earth.
History books note this American astronomer, who shared credit for discovering the first known binary pulsar.
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All 106 questions in this topic, with answers — use it to study, or just browse. Every actual play of the puzzle only pulls a random handful of these into one game, so knowing them all here won't spoil which ones show up or where they're hidden in the grid. Play it here.
This American astronomer hosted a modern reboot of the television series "Cosmos".
TYSONAstronomy credits this British scientist, who showed that some nebulae glow as gas clouds rather than clusters of stars.
HUGGINSThis American stargazer is remembered for having co-discovered the first binary pulsar, confirming a key relativity prediction.
TAYLORAstronomy credits this German-Russian scientist, who catalogued thousands of double stars and measured the distance to Vega.
STRUVEAstronomy credits this American scientist, who proposed that the newborn universe expanded in a sudden burst called inflation.
GUTHAstronomy credits this American scientist, who discovered a fast-moving star that still carries his name today.
BARNARDAstronomy credits this American scientist, who co-founded the observatory that first directly detected gravitational waves.
THORNEThis German astronomer identified a comet with the shortest orbital period known at the time.
ENCKEThis French stargazer is remembered for having catalogued over a hundred star clusters, nebulae and galaxies while hunting comets.
MESSIERThis Italian-French astronomer found the dark gap that splits Saturn's rings into two bands.
CASSINIAstronomy credits this English scientist, who explained why apples fall and planets orbit with a single law of gravity.
NEWTONThis German astronomer showed that planets sweep out elliptical paths rather than perfect circles.
KEPLERAstronomy credits this American scientist, who found a distant icy world whose discovery led to Pluto's reclassification.
BROWNHistory books note this Italian astronomer, who turned a telescope skyward and found four moons circling Jupiter in 1610.
GALILEOHistory books note this American astronomer, who led a team that discovered many binary star systems through spectroscopy.
PICKERINGThis English stargazer is remembered for having correctly predicted that a great comet would return roughly every 76 years.
HALLEYAstronomy credits this German-American scientist, who sorted exploding stars into two distinct categories.
MINKOWSKIHistory books note this German-Swiss physicist, who described gravity as the bending of space and time itself.
EINSTEINHistory books note this American astronomer, who found gaps in the asteroid belt carved out by Jupiter's gravity.
KIRKWOODHistory books note this Japanese astronomer, who grouped asteroids into families that share a common shattered origin.
HIRAYAMAAstronomy credits this Russian-American scientist, who worked out how the infant universe forged its first helium.
GAMOWThis American stargazer is remembered for having proposed a way to detect the faint afterglow of the Big Bang.
DICKEThis English astronomer confirmed a prediction that starlight bends during a solar eclipse.
EDDINGTONHistory books note this Swedish astronomer, who developed the physics of how magnetic fields move through charged gas.
ALFVENThis Dutch-American astronomer identified small dark clouds where brand-new stars are born.
BOKThis British stargazer is remembered for having detected a new element in sunlight before it was ever found on Earth.
LOCKYERThis American stargazer is remembered for having discovered that the universe is expanding in every direction.
HUBBLEThis American astronomer is nicknamed the "mother" of a famous space telescope she helped launch.
ROMANThis French astronomer calculated the exact date a famous comet would swing back into view.
LEPAUTEHistory books note this Dutch-American astronomer, who identified the enormous distance to the very first known quasar.
SCHMIDTThis Dutch stargazer is remembered for having found a solution to Einstein's equations suggesting the universe could expand.
SITTERThis American astronomer took the first-ever photograph of a star's light spectrum.
DRAPERAstronomy credits this American scientist, who discovered Pluto in 1930 by comparing photographic plates.
TOMBAUGHThis Japanese stargazer is remembered for having calculated how young stars evolve before settling into stable middle age.
HAYASHIThis English stargazer is remembered for having become the first Astronomer Royal and catalogued three thousand stars.
FLAMSTEEDHistory books note this Scottish astronomer, who devised an early system for sorting stars by their light spectra.
FLEMINGThis British astronomer led the team that discovered the first pulsar.
HEWISHThis Prussian stargazer is remembered for having been the first to measure the true distance to a star beyond our Sun.
BESSELAstronomy credits this American scientist, who identified the very first known quasar.
SANDAGEHistory books note this Swedish astronomer, who mapped dark lines in sunlight and proved the Sun's atmosphere holds hydrogen.
ANGSTROMAstronomy credits this American scientist, who discovered that sunspots carry powerful magnetic fields.
HALEThis Dutch astronomer proposed a vast cloud of icy bodies surrounding the outer solar system.
OORTAstronomy credits this Italian-American scientist, who discovered the first X-ray source found beyond our solar system.
GIACCONIAstronomy credits this British scientist, who coined the term "Big Bang," ironically while favoring a rival theory.
HOYLEThis American astronomer shared credit for discovering the universe's leftover afterglow radiation.
WILSONThis American stargazer is remembered for having built the first purpose-made radio telescope in his own backyard.
REBERHistory books note this Austrian-Australian-American astronomer, who explained how dying stars fuse helium into carbon.
SALPETERAstronomy credits this American scientist, who helped explain how stars forge heavier chemical elements inside themselves.
FOWLERHistory books note this American astronomer, who led the imaging team for a mission that explored Saturn and its moons.
PORCOHistory books note this German-American astronomer, who doubled scientists' estimate of just how large the universe really is.
BAADEHistory books note this Polish astronomer, who drew some of the earliest detailed maps of the Moon's surface.
HEVELIUSThis British astronomer helped fix Greenwich as the site of Earth's prime meridian.
AIRYAstronomy credits this American scientist, who identified the first known white dwarf, the tiny companion of Sirius.
ADAMSThis German stargazer is remembered for having become the first person to actually observe Neptune through a telescope.
GALLEHistory books note this American astronomer, who co-discovered that Jupiter itself emits bursts of radio waves.
BURKEHistory books note this English astronomer, who presented the same astronomy television show for over fifty years.
MOOREThis French astronomer proposed that some collapsed stars could trap even light itself.
LAPLACEThis American stargazer is remembered for having co-created a diagram plotting stars by brightness and temperature.
RUSSELLHistory books note this American astronomer, who discovered Charon, the largest moon orbiting Pluto.
CHRISTYHistory books note this German-American astronomer, who co-discovered the faint radiation left glowing from the Big Bang.
PENZIASAstronomy credits this American scientist, who calculated where in the galaxy our own Sun actually sits.
SHAPLEYAstronomy credits this American scientist, who helped predict how many neutrinos should be streaming from the Sun.
BAHCALLThis American stargazer is remembered for having devised the star-classification system astronomers still use today.
CANNONThis American astronomer found a link between a star's brightness and its pulse rate, unlocking cosmic distances.
LEAVITTThis American astronomer studied a class of galaxies with unusually bright, active centers.
SEYFERTThis Swiss-American stargazer is remembered for having first proposed that invisible dark matter holds galaxies together.
ZWICKYHistory books note this Dutch-American astronomer, who has a belt of icy objects beyond Neptune named in his honor.
KUIPERThis American stargazer is remembered for having accidentally detected radio waves arriving from deep space.
JANSKYThis German-English astronomer became the first woman credited with discovering a comet.
CAROLINEHistory books note this English-American astronomer, who proved that stars are made mostly of hydrogen and helium.
PAYNEHistory books note this British-American astronomer, who helped prove that stars manufacture the universe's heavier elements.
BURBIDGEThis American stargazer is remembered for having hosted "Cosmos" and helped choose the message aboard the Voyager Golden Record.
SAGANAstronomy credits this American scientist, who co-founded an institute dedicated to searching for signals from other worlds.
TARTERAstronomy credits this American scientist, who identified glowing gas clouds now found near newborn stars.
HERBIGThis American stargazer is remembered for having spotted the first active volcano ever seen beyond planet Earth.
MORABITOThis Alexandrian-Greek astronomer wrote the Almagest, cementing an Earth-centered model of the cosmos for 1,400 years.
PTOLEMYThis Belgian astronomer first proposed the theory later nicknamed the Big Bang.
LEMAITREThis American astronomer helped develop the theory that the Moon formed from a giant ancient impact.
HARTMANNThis Austrian-British astronomer suggested that pulsars are actually rapidly spinning neutron stars.
GOLDThis Italian stargazer is remembered for having spotted the very first and largest object in the asteroid belt.
PIAZZIHistory books note this German-English astronomer, who spotted an unfamiliar object in 1781 that turned out to be a brand-new planet.
HERSCHELThis English astronomer created a butterfly-shaped diagram tracking decades of sunspot activity.
MAUNDERThis British stargazer is remembered for having advanced the mathematical proofs showing how black holes must form.
PENROSEAstronomy credits this German scientist, who asked why the night sky is dark if the universe is endless and full of stars.
OLBERSThis English stargazer is remembered for having created one of the first reliable maps of radio sources across the sky.
RYLEAstronomy credits this French scientist, who predicted the existence and exact position of Neptune using calculations alone.
VERRIERThis American astronomer pioneered using radar echoes to test Einstein's theory of gravity.
SHAPIROThis American stargazer is remembered for having co-discovered a comet that later collided spectacularly with Jupiter.
SHOEMAKERThis Danish stargazer is remembered for having recorded a new star in 1572 and made the most precise pre-telescope sky observations.
BRAHEAstronomy credits this English scientist, who established the giant radio telescope observatory at Jodrell Bank.
LOVELLThis American stargazer is remembered for having described comets as loose "dirty snowballs" of ice and dust.
WHIPPLEAstronomy credits this Dutch scientist, who identified Titan, the large hazy moon that orbits Saturn.
HUYGENSHistory books note this American physicist, who coined the term "wormhole" in theoretical physics.
WHEELERThis Dutch astronomer found early evidence that our home galaxy itself is rotating.
KAPTEYNHistory books note this German astronomer, who pioneered photographing the sky to hunt for asteroids, finding hundreds.
WOLFHistory books note this British astronomer, who discovered Triton, the large moon that orbits Neptune backwards.
LASSELLAstronomy credits this American-Canadian scientist, who catalogued hundreds of variable stars hiding inside star clusters.
HOGGAstronomy credits this Italian-French scientist, who identified stable points in space where two bodies' gravity balance out.
LAGRANGEThis American stargazer is remembered for having found that galaxies spin too fast to hold together without extra unseen mass.
RUBINHistory books note this German astronomer, who popularized a numerical pattern that seemed to predict planetary distances.
BODEThis Northern Irish astronomer discovered the first radio pulsar while still a graduate student.
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